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[/p][p]Hello, and happy Thursday. This is Victoria, Narrative Design Lead of Victoria 3. Joining me is Lufthansi, Undersecretary of Grace and Justice and lead of
Iberian Twilight. Today, we will be covering the narrative content for Spain coming in
Iberian Twilight and Update 1.12, as well as the reworked Coup system.
[/p][p]To properly manage the breadth and depth of content it must cover, this diary will be split into two sections. The first section will cover the free content coming in Update 1.12, such as the new Spanish political setup, the Carlist Wars, and the new Coup system. The second section will cover the paid narrative content contained within
Iberian Twilight.
[/p][p]Please note, as ever, that any screenshots attached are from a work-in-progress build, and certain elements may not be final.
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Free Content[/h2][p]
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Spanish Political Setup[/h3][p]
[/p][p]If one were to chart the ideological cleavage of Europe in 1836, it would fall between two great alliances. The first and more famous, the “Holy Alliance” of absolutist counter-revolution, consisted of Russia, Prussia, and Austria. The second and more immediately relevant, the “Quadruple Alliance”, consisted of France, Great Britain, and the liberal governments of Spain and Portugal. From its founding in 1834, the purpose of this alliance was to put an end to the parallel civil wars in Portugal and Spain, both fought between liberal constitutional governments and conservatives spearheaded by traditionalist pretenders to the throne. The civil war in Portugal would end in a liberal victory in May of 1834, whilst Spain’s would continue until 1840. It is here that we find ourselves at game start.[/p][p]
[/p][p]The political situation of Isabelline Spain in 1836 is defined by two trends. The first is the rise of liberalism during and after the Spanish War of Independence, and the second is the secession of conservatism from official politics. With the Spanish conservatives exiled from respectable society by the uprising of Don Carlos, official politics is defined by conflict between two branches of liberalism – the Moderates and the Progressives. [/p][p]
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[/p][p]The Spanish Moderates, exemplified by the politician Francisco Javier de Istúriz and General Ramón María Narváez, represent the conservative-liberal tendency in Spanish politics. The Moderate Party is, foremostly, the party of certain military officers, those members of the clergy who remained on the side of Queen Isabel, and the Andalucían landowning oligarchy. Their platform stood for limited, wealth-based suffrage, state Catholicism, a centralised state, and free trade. During her Regency, the Queen-Regent María Cristina favoured this party, as did Isabel II during her reign.[/p][p][/p][p]To represent this strain of oligarchic liberalism, the Spanish Landowners start with the Moderantist ideology, which replaces the typical Paternalist ideology.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]Throughout our period, the Spanish armed forces constantly involved themselves in politics. Contrary to what one may expect, these interventions were typically on the liberal side, seeking to overturn governments they deemed to be tyrannical in the name of the Constitution. This praetorian tendency is represented by the Liberal Praetorian ideology, which gives the Armed Forces stances in favour of a constitutional monarchy and citizenship rights for Spaniards.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]The Progressive Party represents the left-wing of Spanish politics, supporting expanded suffrage, secularism, and a national militia. Famous supporters of the Progressives include the Prime Minister Juan Mendizabal and His Highness Captain General Baldomero Espartero, Viceroy of Navarre, Prince of Vergara, Duke of la Victoria, Duke of Morella, Count of Luchana, and Viscount of Banderas.[/p][p][/p][p]Historically, the Progressives were in government in Spain until the resignation of Mendizabal in May of 1836. However, we have chosen to represent the Moderate Party as being in government at game start. This is because of the electoral victory of the Moderates in 1834, granting them a majority in the Cortes until the election of February 1836. A correct representation of Mendizabal’s government would lead to Spain starting with an illegitimate government, a situation which, whilst accurate to the challenges he faced, is too detrimental to gameplay to be worth it.[/p][p][/p][p]Isabelline Spain starts the game with a solid suite of reasonably liberal laws, including a new law variant – Latifundias.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]The Latifundias law chiefly represents the vast estates of Andalucía, characterised by their precarious employment of day-labourers. The poverty and misery of these day-labourers historically gave rise to banditry and left-wing political radicalism.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]The Spanish Oligarchy law possesses two starting Amendments – Electoral Clientelism, which was discussed in
Dev Diary #163, and the Chamber of Procurators, which grants a very limited voting franchise.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]One may notice that the Electoral Clientelism amendment looks different from how it did in the previous Dev Diary. We will go into more detail on this shortly. [/p][p][/p][p]Carlist Spain, on the other hand, can be said to be considerably less liberal. As opposed to the National Supremacy of Isabelline Spain, she starts the game with Subjecthood, representing the Carlist rejection of citizenship in favour of the concept of Spain as a union of subjects of the Crown. Don Carlos’ support for the traditional privileges, or
fueros, of the Basque Country against the centralising drive of liberalism won him great support amongst the Basque populace.[/p][p][/p][p]Carlist Spain also starts the game with Autocracy, as opposed to the electoral oligarchy of Isabelline Spain. This law is something of an approximation of the Carlist approach to royal power. The conservative tradition of the Carlists was one opposed to the enlightened absolutism practised by the earlier Spanish Borbóns, favouring the traditional privileges of regions and estates – foremostly, those of the Catholic Church. One may contrast Carlist traditionalism with Russian absolutism, within which local autonomy was minimal and the Orthodox Church was an organ of the Tsarist bureaucracy.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]Carlist Spain, too, has some unique ideologies, mirroring those of Isabelline Spain. Where the Landowners of Isabelline Spain are Moderantist, supporting Oligarchy and Free Trade, those of Carlist Spain are unapologetically reactionary. Likewise, the Carlist Armed Forces are just as praetorian as those of Isabelline Spain, albeit in the opposite political direction. [/p][p]
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[/p][p]Now that we have covered the internal politics of both sides of the Carlist War, I will briefly turn the diary over to Tunay to cover its unique mechanics.[/p][p]
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The Carlist War[/h3][p][/p][p]It's January 1st 1836 and the Carlist situation is, to be perfectly honest, very difficult: while Cabrera is trying to scramble his forces in the Maestrazgo and the loyalists in Catalonia can barely be called an army to begin with, the well-equipped and trained Army of the North has lost its leader Zumalacárregui in the preceding summer and while I unfortunately was not able to convince my fellow colleagues to set the start date of the game back by one year but I want you to know that I tried![/p][p][/p][p]
Welcome to the Basque Country! Are those berets that I spot on some of these soldiers? [/p][p]
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[/p][p]For our starting setup we have divided the Carlist territories up into three parts to represent the areas where its movement was the strongest and fighting was the most intense, for the purpose of warfare however they all form one unified front.[/p][p]
The Carlist presence in Andalucía as well as its base of supporters in Galicia are not represented as part of the war. However, for owners of the
Iberian Twilight Immersion Pack we also have some Events to highlight the presence of Carlism in these regions, some of which also ties into the “
The Two Spains” content further below in this Dev Diary![/p][p][/p][p]
Historically, both Bilbao and Pamplona were under Liberal control although not depicted as such in game[/p][p]
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[/p][p]The Carlist War starts the game off as a “Guerilla War” and there are two reasons for this, for one small scale skirmishes and raids were common practice for much of the war, in particular outside of the Basque Country itself. The other reason simply pertains to the realities of the Carlist situation as both materially and in manpower were they put into a severe underdog position.[/p][p]Admittedly, there is also a bit of a third reason for this in that we wanted to experiment with the concept of guerilla wars and low intensity conflicts in general.[/p][p][/p][p]Before we jump into this I'd like to remind you all that everything you see is work in progress.[/p][p] [/p][p]Guerilla Wars, or the Carlist War since it is the only instance of this concept in the game at this point, have a couple game rules that are different from regular wars: [/p]
- [p]Battles generally tend to be smaller and are spawned at a much lower pace than in regular wars[/p]
- [p]We have a set of new battle conditions that can occur that are specific to Guerilla Wars, in general they have a larger focus on inflicting more morale damage on the enemy and hopefully receiving less morale damage back from them. Many character traits have also been adjusted to account for this so that some that might not be considered as useful in regular warfare will slot in better for guerilla war style combat[/p]
- [p]No territories get occupied during the Guerilla War[/p]
[p]Eventually however, a Guerilla War has to change, this may differ from case to case if we do this again in the future and we may establish some new, generalized ground rules if we believe that it is worthwhile but for the Carlist War specifically this is done by either side taking decision in form of a Journal Entry button, normally the full-scale war is launched by the Carlists assembling their forces and going into the offense through the Royal Expedition, the last major military effort by the Carlists in which they led their attack directly on Madrid but should they falter or otherwise waste too much time we also allow a Liberal Spain to force their hand and escalate it themselves.[/p][p]While territories do not exchange hands in during the guerilla stage of the war both sides can obtain points by being victorious in battles and once the war itself escalates into its final stages both sides will be granted a modifier that buffs their combat capabilities for a short period of time allowing the war to conclude in a bloody and explosive finale.[/p][p]
[/p][p]
Guerilla Wars follow a different ruleset than regular wars[/p][p]
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[/p][p][/p][p]
While the most important information is stored in the top paragraph we also added plenty of backstory for you[/p][p]
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[/p][p][/p][p]Another little experiment comes in the form of “character bios” in this case for Mr. Zumalacárregui who is no longer present at game start but was an incredibly influential personality in this war so we felt it appropriate to make some space for him in the Journal Entry itself.[/p][p]
[/p][p]
Uncle Tom wants you to sign up and fight for Don Carlos![/p][p]
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[/p][p][/p][p]We have also ensured to update the Liberal and Carlist forces respectively including their unit types and generals. Spain and Portugal had their starting techs adjusted to include Napoleonic Warfare allowing them to use Mobile Artillery at game start.[/p][p]
[/p][p]On the Liberal side
His Highness Captain General Baldomero Espartero,
Viceroy of Navarre, (soon to be) Prince of Vergara, Duke of la Victoria, Duke of Morella, Count of Luchana, and Viscount of Banderas leads the forces of Queen Isabel north and while im sure that greatness awaits him there he will be opposed on the other end by Rafael Maroto and Vicente González Moreno, the latter starting off as the leader of the Carlist army after Zumalacárregui's death though id like to highlight Ramón Cabrera today instead, who is building up a quite capable force in the Maestrazgo further south himself.[/p][p][/p][p]
He is my bias, as the youth say.![]()
[/p][p] [/p][h3]
Coups[/h3][p][/p][p]My Russian History professor once very definitively stated that “there is no day two of a coup”. He went on to explain what was necessary to carry out a successful coup – control of the information environment, a lack of organised opposition, and, most importantly, speed. Once a coup begins, it is on a timer. For each hour between the start of operations and the seizure of central power, its chances of success precipitously decline. A sitting government that maintains some semblance of legitimacy may stir formerly passive actors into active opposition to the coup, forcing the coupists to either stand down or escalate into a civil war.[/p][p][/p][p]The history of Iberia and Latin America throughout the nineteenth century is rife with coups. The image of the
pronunciamiento – a military unit announcing its opposition to the government, and rallying support to its side – is a powerful one, and repeats over and over again in histories of the period. With the content in this update largely being themed around Iberia, then, we have taken the opportunity to create a new, powerful, and universally applicable coup system.[/p][p][/p][p]Update 1.12’s Coup system completely replaces the Coup! Journal Entry contained in the
Voice of the People immersion pack, and makes it free to all users. As a result, we have decided to make it so that the new paid Depose Ruling Dynasty decision and country-specific patriotic sashes contained in
Iberian Twilight will also be unlocked by
Voice of the People. [/p][p][/p][p]If an Interest Group’s approval is reduced below -10, and a country has an applicable military commander belonging to this interest group, they will be able to begin a coup against the government.[/p][p][/p][p]
Pictured: Generals who are currently couping the government will wear a special patriotic sash whilst doing so. Nobody has ever looked as cool as this before.[/p][p]
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[/p][p][/p][p]The chance for a successful coup is calculated off of a commander’s Coup Strength compared to the sitting government’s Coup Resistance. A commander’s Coup Strength is calculated from their popularity, the number of units they command, their proximity to the capital, and the clout of their interest group, as well as any other bonuses or maluses provided by narrative content. The government’s Coup Resistance is largely calculated from its legitimacy, as well as the presence of armed institutions that may rival the standing military in a pinch.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]Once it begins, a coup will progress according to the ratio between Coup Strength and Coup Resistance. As one may see here, the progress of the coup is greatly benefited by the stunningly high popularity of His Highness Captain General Baldomero Espartero, Viceroy of Navarre, Prince of Vergara, Duke of la Victoria, Duke of Morella, Count of Luchana, and Viscount of Banderas. Historically, His Highness took the Regency of Spain over from Queen-Regent María Cristina following the Revolution of 1840, an event one may recreate if a commander coups a Regency.[/p][p]
[/p][p] A successful coup may have different effects depending on circumstances. In this case, as Spain is electing a law that the Petit-Bourgeoisie dislikes, the enactment of this law will cease and a law they prefer will be activated instead. Additionally, Spain will be forced into a Petit-Bourgeoisie dominated government for the next two years, or until the next election.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]Once the progress bar reaches 100%, the coupist commander will issue a pronunciamiento. Attempting to exile or retire the coupist commander whilst this Journal Entry is active will also trigger a pronunciamiento, albeit one whose strength is reduced by a function of how premature it is. Depending on circumstances, the government will either have the chance to try and resist the coup, or it will be forced out of power. The former case will occur if a pronunciamiento has been triggered by attempting to exile or retire the coupist commander, or if the Coup Resistance and Coup Strength of government and commander are relatively evenly-matched. The latter will occur if the Coup Strength of the commander enormously eclipses the Coup Resistance of the government.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]If a coup fails, a portion of the military proportional to the popularity of the coupist commander will become radicalised, as will the membership of their Interest Group.[/p][p] [/p][p]In certain circumstances, one may orchestrate a coup against the government themselves. Those who own
Iberian Twilight or
Voice of the People may make use of the Depose Ruling Dynasty decision, which initialises a coup to replace the ruling dynasty of a country. If one wishes to restore King Miguel as Portugal, for example, one may do so by recruiting a Miguelist commander and getting them into a position where they may overthrow the constitutionalist government.[/p][p][/p][p]
Pictured: The decision in question, with a bonus preview of the newly added ability to choose whether to get notified when specific decisions are available.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]We will now transition to the narrative content contained within
Iberian Twilight proper.[/p][p]
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Paid Content[/h2][p]
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The Two Spains[/h3][p][/p][p]Throughout the nineteenth century, and into the twentieth, Spain was wracked by an unusually fierce conflict between the forces of liberalism and conservatism. Unlike most other European nations, within which conservative forces typically reconciled themselves to popular sovereignty, constitutionalism, and other foundational liberal principles, many Spanish conservatives remained intransigent to the bitter end.[/p][p][/p][p]This dynamic can be attributed to the means in which liberalism arose in Spain. The Spanish liberal tradition is typically said to have originated with the Napoleonic invasion of Spain and the Cortes of Cádiz. The particularly refined enlightened absolutism of the Spanish Borbóns had centralised all political authority in the person of the King, rendering the traditional parliaments of Spain entirely obsolete and powerless. With the King of Spain in the custody of Napoleon, and the detested Joseph Bonaparte having replaced him on the throne, Spain had no legitimate central political authority to speak of. To coordinate their resistance against Napoleon, Spanish municipalities organised juntas with little legitimacy or formal process beyond pure necessity. The Cortes summoned by these juntas was a peculiar body – traditional in form, drawing its name from the ancient Castilian parliament, yet modern in substance.[/p][p][/p][p]This Cortes, known as the Cortes of Cádiz, had a very particular constituency – the powerful merchant guilds of Spain’s coastal cities, a demographic vastly more liberal than the Spanish populace as a whole. The Constitution they promulgated in 1812 was, thus, a very liberal document. At the same time that the Cortes was writing and promulgating this very liberal document, a revolution was taking place within the Spanish military. The war against Napoleon presented an opportunity for social mobility, with many former commoners and members of the middle class gaining notability and status as guerilla fighters. With everything to lose from a restoration of strict traditional hierarchies, these soldiers and officers became a liberal constituency.[/p][p][/p][p]The restoration of King Fernando VII in 1814 set the pattern for what was to come next. His abolition of this Constitution and attempt to restore the makeup of the Spanish government as it was prior to the War of Independence set off a chain of military revolts. The success of one of these revolts in 1820, which set off a brief period of restored constitutional governance, made it apparent that a full restoration of the traditional monarchy would not be possible. Even after the
Trienio Liberal, or “three liberal years” had been put to an end by a hundred thousand French soldiers, the absolutist system was unable to fully reassert itself.[/p][p][/p][p]At the same time, the economic base required to solidify a liberal system was also lacking. Spain had very little industry to speak of, with the great agricultural estates of Andalucía being its sole economic sector of note. Representing a largely illiterate population still engaged in premodern modes of living, the Spanish parliamentary system became captured by oligarchic agricultural interests and capable of little effective administration. Spain would thus become embroiled in a cycle of coups, as praetorian military commanders sought to enforce a standard of good liberal governance on governments with little material base to stand upon.[/p][p][/p][p]The lack of economic activity in Spain throughout much of the nineteenth century led the particularly traditionalist form of Catholicism typical of Spain to be left largely unchallenged by the typical drivers of secularisation – urbanisation and disruption of traditional communities by integration into the market. This staunch Catholicism formed the base of Spain’s conservative movement for our entire period, providing the constituency for three Carlist Wars – and, eventually, the great Spanish Civil War of 1936.[/p][p] [/p][p]The Two Spains Journal Entry is unlocked after the First Carlist War ends, whether it is won by Carlists or Cristinos. It represents this push and pull of liberalism and conservatism across modern Spanish history, only ending once one side has established complete dominance.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]This Journal Entry has two progress bars. The first tracks the relative dominance of conservatism vs. liberalism in Spain, and the second tracks the tension between these sides. As tension increases, movement activism will increase across the board, and Spain’s Coup Resistance will decrease. If one wishes to make sudden political changes to defeat the other side, one had best hope they have thoroughly purged the military of any commander who is likely to launch a coup.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]The liberal and conservative sides benefit from the clout of their core interest groups – Intelligentsia and Trade Unions on the left, and Landowners and the Catholic Church on the right. They also benefit from other liberal- or conservative-leaning interest groups, military units commanded by liberal or conservative commanders, and liberal or conservative political movements.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]One may note that socialist leaders and political movements do not count as liberal for the purposes of this Journal Entry, yet still benefit from its bonus to Movement Activism. If one chooses to fight for the liberals, one should be wary of a split between liberals and socialists possibly leading to a reactionary resurgence in the late-game.[/p][p]
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Regeneration[/h3][p][/p][p]The need and drive for thorough economic reform is one of the main features of 19th and early 20th century Spanish politics. Once you progress sufficiently into the game, you will be presented with a plan for some rather ambitious economic reforms. You can delay these for a while, but should you choose to commit yourself to seeing the plan through, you will be presented with the new Economic Regeneration Journal Entry.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]The Spanish Economic Regeneration Content has a structure similar to the Ottoman Tanzimat content cluster, having a master Journal Entry that tracks the completion of various sub-Journal Entry goals. However, compared to that content, it also comes with a few more bells and whistles. Completing the Master Journal Entry will be beneficial for Spanish political stability, while the completion of the sub-Journal Entries will primarily affect the performance of your economy. [/p][p]
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[/p][p][/p][p]If completing all six sub-goals within the allocated time proves too ambitious an undertaking, you can always adjust public expectations, though the rewards for doing so will be lessened. However, if you want to prioritize economic development over political stability, focusing on a smaller amount of economic sub goals may be worth it. [/p][p]
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[/p][p]These sub-Journal Entries also come with their own way of modifying the targets. If, for the sake of political stability, you really want to see the Master JE through, but you find the goals of one of the sub-Journal Entries particularly difficult to complete, you may choose to 'adjust' its goals somewhat. The success of such adjustments are tied to your laws and institutions, and if successful it will make the Journal Entry in question much easier to complete – though its rewards will also be significantly reduced. [/p][p]
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Spanish New World Content[/h3][p][/p][p]If you boot up the game as either the Spanish liberals or Carlists and try to sign a treaty with one of your former colonies in the West, you will quickly realize this is easier said than done. The massive diplomatic reluctance you can see here is there to model the fact that in 1836, Spain does not yet formally recognize the independence of any of her old colonies on the American mainland. The American wars of independence are still fresh in the minds of Spanish policymakers, and though the liberal government of Isabel II has expressed an interest in normalization, no such treaties have yet been signed.
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[/p][p][/p][p]A dummy Journal Entry in the outliner will hint that there's a decision to be made with regards to this once you've sorted out the minor domestic squabble that is the First Carlist War. Once that is done you will be given the choice of moving towards the historical route of negotiation and diplomatic recognition, or the ahistorical one of colonial restoration. [/p][p]
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[/p][p]Pursuing normalization will grant you the Hispanoamerica Journal Entry, a piece of content centered on signing treaties with your former American subjects, and featuring a new, content-specific Recognize Independence treaty article. [/p][p]
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[/p][p]As your former subjects have also received a new Journal Entry penalizing them for their lack of diplomatic acceptance, they are likely to be quite receptive to your advances. In exchange for recognition, you may be able to extract some important diplomatic or economic concessions from them.[/p][p][/p][p]If on the other hand, you choose to go down the path of colonial restoration, you will be granted the Reconquista Journal Entry. Isabel II's predecessor, Ferdinand VII had long entertained ideas of a grand reconquest of the New World, but a lack of means, funds, and diplomatic wiggle room had prevented these ambitions from ever materialising. Should you pursue this path, you may find yourself with Uncle Sam and John Bull breathing down your neck rather quickly, but would the restoration of Spanish rule over the American mainland not be worth such a risk?[/p][p]
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[/p][p] [/p][h3]
The Glorious Revolution[/h3][p][/p][p]In 1868, the ineffectual rule of Queen Isabel II led to a military rebellion that toppled the Spanish Borbóns, and sent the royal family fleeing to France. This rebellion was christened the “Glorious Revolution” by the liberal press of the time, and led to the convening of a Provisional Government to decide Spain’s future form of government. Historically, the Provisional Government decided early on that it wished to restore the monarchy under a different royal house. This led to the provisional junta embarking upon a diplomatic adventure across Europe, one leg of which would end up sparking the devastating Franco-Prussian war. It would historically end in the short lived reign of King Amadeo I, the first and only Savoyard king of Spain.[/p][p][/p][p]If Spain has a successful coup against an unpopular monarch whilst Tension in the Two Spains Journal Entry is sufficiently high, the ruling dynasty will be swept off the throne, and a provisional government declared.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]The Glorious Revolution event will convene a regency under whoever the coup has put into power – typically the leader of the coupist general’s interest group.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]With the Glorious Revolution Journal Entry, Spain will be able to choose between a variety of candidates to occupy the throne. Through these buttons, one may either approach foreign powers \[possibly leading to diplomatic consequences] or choose a candidate closer to home. Possible candidates include the house of Bragança, Savoy, Hohenzollern, both branches of the Spanish Borbóns, and-[/p][p]
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[/p][p]Hail, His Catholic Majesty Baldomero I, by Divine and Constitutional Grace, Constitutional King of Spain![/p][p]
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Anarchism[/h3][p][/p][p]Spain is famous for its revolutionary anarchist movement. This movement reached its culmination during the early days of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, in which workers’ councils under the umbrella of the anarcho-syndicalist CNT-FAI were able to credibly challenge the Republican state institutions within Catalonia and Aragon. Whilst certainly the most famous case, this was not the only major example of anarchist revolutionary activity in Spain. In December 1933, Spanish anarchists launched a major insurrection in Aragon, and the Asturian CNT-FAI contributed to the Asturian Revolution of 1934. The thought of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon heavily influenced the Federal Republicans, who waged the Cantonal Rebellion of 1874 in the name of establishing a revolutionary federal republic.[/p][p][/p][p]The origins of the Spanish anarchist movement can be traced to Federal Republican efforts to organise workers in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution of 1868. In 1869, Federal Republicans launched an uprising in Catalonia, Aragon, and throughout the South, which failed disastrously. The failure of this uprising and subsequent discrediting of the Federal Republicans led certain workers’ organisations to follow their own political course. Meanwhile, Mikhail Bakunin, father of collectivist anarchism and one of the major actors within the International Workingman’s Association \[or First International], had dispatched the Italian anarchist Giuseppe Finelli to investigate the aftermath of the 1868 revolution. Through Finelli’s efforts, the leaders of the nascent Spanish labour movement were brought into contact with the First International, with the anarchist Bakuninist faction having the first-mover advantage. Throughout the 1860s and 1870s, the Marxist faction of the International made few inroads with the Spanish labour movement, leading to them falling far behind the anarchists. As the First International split in 1872, with the triumph of Marxist theses and the expulsion of Bakunin, the Bakuninist-dominated Spanish section \[FRE] expelled the Marxists.[/p][p][/p][p]The anarchists’ fortunes did not last. State repressions soon followed, driving the FRE underground and stripping it of its connections with legal labour associations. However, the organisation’s final death knell came with its turn to terrorism. The “propaganda of the deed” becoming the dominant doctrine of the FRE alienated it from hopes of acquiring a mass base, cratered its membership, and incurred further state repressions. The trade-unionist faction split from the insurrectionary faction in 1881, leaving the organisation defunct. A similar dynamic continued throughout the nineteenth century, with constant conflict within the anarchist movement between proponents of terrorism and trade-unionism. The particularly brutal and incompetent conduct of the Spanish police in their repressions, exemplified by the torture of prisoners at the infamous Montjuïc prison, led to the persistence of an active insurrectionary anarchist current in Spain into the twentieth century. It would take until the 1910s, and the rise of the CNT-FAI, for trade-unionism to achieve a conclusive victory.[/p][p]
“The Internacionalistas” represents the birth of the Spanish anarchist movement. Once the Anarchist Movement becomes relevant, this Journal Entry will appear, granting Spain an Anarchist agitator from abroad.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]This Journal Entry may end in either a government or an anarchist victory. An anarchist victory may be achieved via driving the anarchists to revolution, whilst a government victory requires marginalising or wiping out the anarchist movement for a certain amount of time. Whilst this Journal Entry is active, Spain will have an elevated chance of getting Propaganda of the Deed events, as detailed below.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]Additionally,
Iberian Twilight includes several new events applicable to all nations with a high-Activism Anarchist or Nihilist Movement. Once one has researched Anarchism, and has one of these movements, the anarchists will adopt the doctrine of the “Propaganda of the Deed” – an insurrectionary doctrine commonly adopted by anarchists between the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. This doctrine called for individuals to carry out high-profile assassinations against politicians and business leaders, with the goal of proving that the state was not invincible. The supporters of this doctrine believed that this would inspire further revolutionary activity amongst the masses, a thesis that would not come to be. In Spain, the argument over the Propaganda of the Deed led to a split between the insurrectionary anarchists and the anarcho-syndicalists, who favoured revolutionary agitation within trade unions.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]Once the doctrine of the Propaganda of the Deed has rooted itself within the anarchist movement, and the Activism of the movement remains high, the anarchists will begin a campaign of terrorist attacks and assassinations against one’s Politicians, Executives, Rulers, and Heirs. Each terrorist attack will reduce the anarchist movement’s Pop Attraction for some time, representing their historical effect of isolating the movement from its prospective base and stirring popular support for state reprisals.[/p][p]
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Ultramarine Ambitions[/h3][p][/p][p]The concept of a “prestige war”, or a war waged in an attempt to demonstrate one’s relevance on the world stage, enthralled the various Spanish governments of the nineteenth century. This is to say, in an attempt to recover its status as world power, the Spanish armed forces decided that true glory came from bullying smaller nations like Morocco. Of course, getting involved in a land war in Africa for reasons of pride could never cause problems.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]The Spanish Africa event chain is an experiment in escalating commitment. As Spain achieves one objective - establishing a security zone around Melilla, snatching an easy colony in West Sahara - the Armed Forces will request more and more, gradually dragging the country deeper into Africa, and towards larger conflicts. As one progresses through these Journal Entries, the bonus they provide to the Armed Forces’ clout will grow larger and larger, and the rewards for failure will get more severe.[/p][p]
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[/p][p]If one manages to succeed in all of these objectives, the cumulative prestige reward will be quite lucrative, and Spain will have acquired a respectable African empire to go along with it.[/p][p][/p][hr][/hr][p][/p][p]And that is all. Thank you for reading. Due to the sheer volume of text that we have managed to write, we will have a compressed diary release schedule. Next Monday, we will cover Spanish colonies, as well as some other minor nations. On Thursday, we will cover Portuguese content, as well as Pan-Iberism. After this, we will be releasing another bonus diary on the 24th to cover the remaining narrative content we have yet to discuss.[/p][p]
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